It is paid by companies that work on the general taxation system. The amount directly depends on the financial results of the company. They are taxed on profit — the money that remains from income after expenses that are important for the activity. If the organization has not earned anything, then it will not have to make this payment.
As the name implies, this tax is paid only by organizations Tax Code of the Russian Federation Article 246. Taxpayers — Russian legal entities and foreign companies that receive income in the Russian Federation.
In this case, the payment does not apply:
The tax rate is 20% Tax Code of the Russian Federation Article 284. Tax rates . 17% of the profit goes to the regional budget, 3% — to the federal budget. There are special rates for some types of activities. For example, agricultural producers, subject to certain conditions, can pay tax at a zero rate.
Regional authorities have the right Federal Law No. 401‑FZ of 30.11.2016 reduce your part of the rate for certain categories of taxpayers.
The tax is charged on profit, that is, on the difference between income and expenses. Therefore, it is important to define each of the concepts.
Income is revenue from the sale of goods, works, services, property rights. The funds received not from the main activity, but from equity participation in other organizations, in the form of interest on the loan, and so on, are also taken into account.
At the same time, there is a rather long list of types of income exempt from taxation. It includes, for example, resort fees and money received as part of targeted financing. The entire list can be found in article 251 Article 251. Income not taken into account when determining the tax base The Tax Code.
Expenses are reasonable expenses of the enterprise, which can be confirmed by papers. This includes money spent on employee salaries, purchase of materials, depreciation of fixed assets, court and arbitration fees, interest on loans and so on.
For a Russian company or a foreign one operating in the Russian Federation through a representative office, the tax base will be equal to the difference between income that is subject to taxation and expenses. For other foreign organizations, not all types of income are taken into account when calculating profits — which ones are prescribed in article 309 RF Tax Code Article 309 The Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
Corporate income tax is calculated for the year. If you imagine the simplest formula, it will look like this:
Tax = (Income − Expenses) × Tax rate
But you will have to count separately for the tax credited to the regional and federal budgets. For example, your annual income is 5 million. Expenses amounted to 3.5 million. So, you will have to give 17% of the 1.5 million to the subject's treasury and 3% to the federal one.
If other rates apply to some income, the amount payable is calculated separately. They need to keep separate records of income and expenses.
But there are also advance payments. Most organizations have to pay them monthly, although some are allowed to do so quarterly. Exceptions include enterprises whose revenues for the previous four quarters did not exceed 15 million rubles per quarter, and some The Tax Code of the Russian Federation Article 286. Procedure for calculating taxes and advance payments other companies.
Quarterly payments are calculated from actual income. Monthly — from the estimated (based on data for the previous reporting period). At the same time, companies that pay monthly advance payments have the right to switch to calculations based on the actual profit received.
Here's how monthly down payments are calculated:
For a quarterly advance , the formula will be as follows:
Advance payment = (Income for the period — Expenses for the period) × Tax rate — Advance payment for the previous reporting period
For example, in six months the company earned 1.2 million and spent 400 thousand. For the first quarter, she paid an advance of 100 thousand rubles. Therefore, she will have to pay for half a year:
(1 200 000 — 400 000) × 20% — 100 000 = 60 000 rubles
New organizations do not pay monthly, but quarterly advance payments until the end of the full quarter from the date of their registration. After that, it is necessary to estimate the revenue: if its size does not exceed 5 million per month or 15 per quarter, you can continue to pay quarterly.
When calculating corporate income tax, it is important to understand which income can be recognized in a certain period and which cannot. It depends on the way they are recognized. According to the cash method, income is taken into account at the time of receipt, expenses are taken into account at the time of write-off. With the accrual method, both are taken into account at the time of occurrence, the actual timing of the transfer or write-off of money is not important.
If the reporting period is completed with a loss, monthly advance payments during the next quarter do not need to be paid.
In addition, the organization has the right to reduce the tax base of the current period by the amount of the previous loss, but not by more than 50%. While you are doing this, keep the documents about the negative results of the work.
Monthly advance payments are made no later than the 28th of the current month, quarterly — no later than the 28th of the month following the reporting period, final annual contributions — until March 28.
The income tax declaration must be submitted based on the results of the first quarter, half-year, nine months and a year. It is provided to the inspection at the location of the organization and each of its separate divisions, if they are located in other regions.
The document must be submitted no later than the 28th of the month following the reporting period, the annual declaration — by March 28.
